Definition of "object"

[misra-c]

The MISRA C:2012 guidelines uses the definition as the C99 standard. ( see section 3.14 and 6.2.1 ). Regarding your specific examples:

Code:

* Variable                    // object
   * Const-qualified variable    // object
   * Function                    // not an object
   * Object-like macro           // not an object, but may expand to an object
   * Function-like macro         // not an object, but may expand to an object

Most of the MISRA C:2012 guidelines, including rule 8.9 apply after macro expansion.
For example:

Code:

int x;                  // object
   int fn(int y);          // function
   #define MYMAC(Z) Z
   int MYMAC(r) = 3;       // expands to int r = 3; which is an object definition
   MYMAC(fn)(x);           // expands to fn(x); which is a function call